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| − | Genesis 1
| + | {{Page is goat}} |
| − | The Beginning
| + | ''Were you looking for [[sex]]?'' |
| − | 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
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| − | 2 Now the earth was [a] formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.
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| − | 3 And God said, "Let there be light," and there was light. 4 God saw that the light was good, and He separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light "day," and the darkness he called "night." And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day.
| + | ''In Spanish [[Cabra]]?'' |
| | + | <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> |
| | + | <div style="float: left;"> [[Image:Bouncywikilogo.gif|60px]]</div> |
| | + | <div style="margin-left: 60px;">For those who seek a broader, less sexy article, [[Wikipedia]] has a page about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goats goats] |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | The '''domestic goat''' (''Capra hircus'') was one of the earliest domesticated animals. The species is believed to have been first domesticated around 10,000-12,000 years ago in both the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Iran and in Anatolia along the Euphrates River. |
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| − | 6 And God said, "Let there be an expanse between the waters to separate water from water." 7 So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the water above it. And it was so. 8 God called the expanse "sky." And there was evening, and there was morning—the second day.
| + | [[Image:NearEastMap.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Goats are believed to have been domesticated in this exceptionally peaceful area of the world. Or the Garden of Eden.]] |
| | + | == Goat Uses == |
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| − | 9 And God said, "Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear." And it was so. 10 God called the dry ground "land," and the gathered waters he called "seas." And God saw that it was good. | + | [[Image:goats.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Domestic goat (''Capra hircus''). The brown one is Stacey]] |
| | + | [[Conservative]] [[Christians]] often buy goats for Malawi orphans<ref>[http://www.pres-outlook.com/tabid/1502/Article/4581/Default.aspx A Ministry of Hope in Malawi]</ref> whereas [[liberal]]s, such as Madonna, prefer to keep Malawi orphans as household pets <ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15235366/ Madonna takes custody of Malawian baby]</ref>. |
| | + | Goats also have pretty eyes and some have beautiful eyelashes. |
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| − | 11 Then God said, "Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds." And it was so. 12 The land produced vegetation: plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening, and there was morning—the third day.
| + | Santa Claus was alleged to have once ridden a ''Yule Goat'' but this was later disproven as a revisionist myth created by [[neopaganism|neopagans]] who hate Christmas. |
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| − | 14 And God said, "Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark seasons and days and years, 15 and let them be lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth." And it was so. 16 God made two great lights—the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars. 17 God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth, 18 to govern the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19 And there was evening, and there was morning—the fourth day.
| + | ===Eating=== |
| | + | There's [[:Category:Recipe|good eating]] on a goat. Goats' milk is good for making cheese.<ref>http://www.rationalwiki.com/index.php?title=Category:Recipe</ref> |
| | + | But see also: [[Fun:Polar_bear|polar bear]] |
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| − | 20 And God said, "Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the expanse of the sky." 21 So God created the great creatures of the sea and every living and moving thing with which the water teems, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22 God blessed them and said, "Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on the earth." 23 And there was evening, and there was morning—the fifth day.
| + | ===Poetry=== |
| | + | Goat rhymes with many words: boat, coat, creosote, d'oh (t), eukaryote, litote (s), moat, note, quote, rote, symbiote, tote, prokaryote, scrote and vote. See, for example, Kipling's "By the Hoof of the Wild Goat" which uses none of the above words. "Tom Murphy's Goat", by Oliver Thomas, rhymes it with "throat"...twice. But it's Australian.<ref>http://www.authorsden.com/visit/viewpoetry.asp?id=190979</ref> |
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| − | 24 And God said, "Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: livestock, creatures that move along the ground, and wild animals, each according to its kind." And it was so. 25 God made the wild animals according to their kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move along the ground according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good.
| + | === Marriage === |
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| − | 26 Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, [b] and over all the creatures that move along the ground."
| + | There has been much debate about what term to use for the union of goat and (usually) man. Some have opposed "marriage" as diluting the traditionally non-bestial nature of the institution.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santorum_controversy</ref> Also, many oppose granting spousal rights to goats. Others have proposed "covenant" unions, in which the relationship cannot be broken (except in times of famine). |
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| − | 27 So God created man in his own image, | + | Sometimes it has been necessary to use the law to help men "do the right thing". After being caught having relations with a goat named Rose, a Sudanese man was obliged to marry her.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4748292.stm</ref> Unfortunately the BBC has recently been reported that the goat has died after choking on a plastic bag.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6619983.stm</ref> The goat was apparently female so, to the relief of many, there is no suggestion that the relationship may have been [[homosexual]]. |
| − | in the image of God he created him;
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| − | male and female he created them.
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| − | 28 God blessed them and said to them, "Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground." | + | It should be noted that as of yet there has been no debate over marriage ''between'' goats. ''Uwiha Ch'uyay'', a December 27th family tradition, is the sheep and goat wedding ceremony of Bolivia. The ritual often includes lighting candles, dabbing the animal's faces with blood, adorning them with flowers and coraling them into male and female pairs of either goats or sheep for a wedding. Throughout the ceremony folk songs are sung to the couples. They are then force fed cocoa.<ref>MacDonald, Margaret Read. The Folklore of World Holidays. ''December 27'' (1992).</ref> |
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| − | 29 Then God said, "I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. 30 And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds of the air and all the creatures that move on the ground—everything that has the breath of life in it—I give every green plant for food." And it was so.
| + | ===Animal Sacrifice=== |
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| − | 31 God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning—the sixth day.
| + | It was reported <ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUSEIC47086020070904 Reuters]</ref><ref>[http://blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/2007/09/nepal-airlines-.html USA Today]</ref><ref>[http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_2177043,00.html News 24 (South Africa)]</ref> |
| | + | 4 September 2007 that Nepal Airlines had goats sacrificed to the Hindu sky god Akash Bhairab in order to ensure that their aircraft - specifically, their two Boeing 757s - would stop malfunctioning. |
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| − | Genesis 2
| + | ==Goats v. Terrorism== |
| − | 1 Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array.
| + | When the "leader of the free world" learned that the greatest terrorist attack in history had been inflicted on his country, you would have thought that he would have leapt in to action. Not George W. Bush, he insisted on listening to a group of Florida schoolchildren finish reading ''The Pet Goat''.<ref>[http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/essay.jsp?article=essayaninterestingday]</ref> |
| | + | <ref>[http://www.buzzflash.com/editorial/04/08/edi04057.html]</ref> |
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| − | 2 By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested [c] from all his work. 3 And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done.
| + | == Creationist Views on Goats == |
| | + | Goats are very important to creationists — the Bible mentions them over 170 times!<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=goat&x=13&y=16 Bible gateway]</ref> God made goats out of leftover cow parts, on the sixth day of Creation. This is similar to the process still used for making hot dogs. Goats are specifically mentioned in the Bible, therefore we know that they exist. God regularly calls for goats to be sacrificed on altars by having their throats cut and [[Recipe:Goat blutwurst|blood drained]]. It is still a mystery as to what goats did to become the object of God's loving wrath. Noah brought two goats onto the Ark, but unfortunately, the male goat was gay. Noah implemented a program of [[Reparative Therapy of Homosexuality|reparative therapy]]. The goats were able to live an appropriate lie, and were fruitful and multiplied. ''God Bless!'' |
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| − | Adam and Eve
| + | Creationists believe that goats co-existed with dinosaurs, since goats appear in historic hieroglyphs. |
| − | 4 This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created.
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| − | When the LORD God made the earth and the heavens- 5 and no shrub of the field had yet appeared on the earth [d] and no plant of the field had yet sprung up, for the LORD God had not sent rain on the earth [e] and there was no man to work the ground, 6 but streams [f] came up from the earth and watered the whole surface of the ground- the LORD God formed the man The Hebrew for man (adam) sounds like and may be related to the Hebrew for ground (adamah) it is also the name Adam (see Gen. 2:20). from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.
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| − | 8 Now the LORD God had planted a garden in the east, in Eden; and there he put the man he had formed. 9 And the LORD God made all kinds of trees grow out of the ground—trees that were pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
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| − | 10 A river watering the garden flowed from Eden; from there it was separated into four headwaters. 11 The name of the first is the Pishon; it winds through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold. 12 (The gold of that land is good; aromatic resin [g] and onyx are also there.) 13 The name of the second river is the Gihon; it winds through the entire land of Cush. [h] 14 The name of the third river is the Tigris; it runs along the east side of Asshur. And the fourth river is the Euphrates. | + | ==Pan== |
| | + | Pan, of the Greek Pantheon, is the god of goats. At least he was. According to the Greek historian Plutarch, Pan died sometime during the reign of Roman Emperor Tiberius (14-37C.E.). The nature of Pan's death might be viewed with suspicion if one considers the events taking place in ancient Palestine during that same time period. Also, because the modern world seems to lack [[fun:satyr|satyrs]], it is possible that a coordinated genocide took place at this time. |
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| − | 15 The LORD God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it. 16 And the LORD God commanded the man, "You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; 17 but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of it you will surely die."
| + | ==Capricorn== |
| | + | Goats have also made it into the stars due to their representative, the constellation Capricorn. |
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| − | 18 The LORD God said, "It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him."
| + | ==Goatman== |
| | + | Jann reported seeing a goatman in Texas under his pecan tree in January 2002. Jann reports that this is unusal since there are no goats in this region of Texas.<ref>http://paranormal.about.com/library/blstory_november04_29.htm</ref> |
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| − | 19 Now the LORD God had formed out of the ground all the beasts of the field and all the birds of the air. He brought them to the man to see what he would name them; and whatever the man called each living creature, that was its name. 20 So the man gave names to all the livestock, the birds of the air and all the beasts of the field.
| + | ==[[Chupacabra]]== |
| − | But for Adam [i] no suitable helper was found. 21 So the LORD God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep; and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man's ribs [j] and closed up the place with flesh. 22 Then the LORD God made a woman from the rib [k] he had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man.
| + | We shall not speak of it. |
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| − | 23 The man said, | + | ==Goats in Popular Culture== |
| − | "This is now bone of my bones
| + | * Goats, goat parts and goat-like creatures were shown or mentioned in all 1,328 episodes of The X-Files. |
| − | and flesh of my flesh;
| + | * The three billy goats Gruff, apparently brothers, starred in a popular pro-goat story by Hans Christian Andersen. The goats in this story were notable for their intelligence, at least as contrasted to the common [[User:TK|troll]]. |
| − | she shall be called 'woman, [l] '
| + | * One version of the truth about goats is allegedly available at [http://www.evilgoats.blogspot.com this blog]. |
| − | for she was taken out of man."
| + | * A goat briefly appears in the movie version of ''Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.'' |
| | + | * In the later Harry Potter books we learn that Dumbledore's brother has a strange fascination with goats. |
| | + | * A goat with interchangeable horns appears in the movie ''Hoodwinked''. |
| | + | *A goat ate the payroll once on the television programme '''''M*A*S*H'''''. |
| | + | *Stephen Colbert once "wagged his finger" at goats. |
| | + | *<i>The Men Who Stare at Goats</i> is a book by Jon Ronson (2004). |
| | + | *'''Goat Brothers''' is: |
| | + | **Another name for the Hans Christian Andersen story listed above; |
| | + | **A 1993 memoir by Larry Colton; |
| | + | **A swap meet and bike show for motorcycle enthusiasts, held annually in October in Saratoga Springs, NY. |
| | + | *''The Rough, Gruff Goat Brothers Rap'' by Bernice Chardiet, Jon Chardiet and Jean-Claude Suares, is a 1993 children's book and audiocassette bundle that retells the Hans Christian Andersen story in rap. |
| | + | *[http://www.billygoattavern.com/history.html The curse of the Billy Goat]--well-known to all Chicagoans. |
| | + | *[http://www.centripedus.com/bhpage.html Goatboy] Bill Hicks |
| | + | *[http://www.zyra.org.uk/getgoat.htm] Everybody has a goat, but no one wants there's to be gotten. weird . . . |
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| − | 24 For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh.
| + | == Famous Quotes about Goats == |
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| − | 25 The man and his wife were both naked, and they felt no shame.
| + | "If she fails us, we better get used to herding goats." Kirk, ''Who Mourns for Adonis'' |
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| − | Genesis 3
| + | "Me? A goat?" - Professor Calculus, ''Destination Moon'' |
| − | The Fall of Man
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| − | 1 Now the serpent was more crafty than any of the wild animals the LORD God had made. He said to the woman, "Did God really say, 'You must not eat from any tree in the garden'?"
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| − | 2 The woman said to the serpent, "We may eat fruit from the trees in the garden, 3 but God did say, 'You must not eat fruit from the tree that is in the middle of the garden, and you must not touch it, or you will die.' "
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| − | 4 "You will not surely die," the serpent said to the woman. 5 "For God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil." | + | “Put silk on a goat and it is still a goat” Irish Saying |
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| | + | “Its no use going to the goat's house to look for wool” Irish Saying |
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| − | 6 When the woman saw that the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate it. 7 Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they realized they were naked; so they sewed fig leaves together and made coverings for themselves.
| + | “Don't approach a goat from the front, a horse from the back, or a fool from any side.” Yiddish Proverb |
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| − | 8 Then the man and his wife heard the sound of the LORD God as he was walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and they hid from the LORD God among the trees of the garden. 9 But the LORD God called to the man, "Where are you?" | + | “Bring me A bowl of coffee before I turn into a goat” Johann Sebastian Bach |
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| − | 10 He answered, "I heard you in the garden, and I was afraid because I was naked; so I hid."
| + | "The high hills are a refuge for the wild goats; and the rocks for the conies." Psalms, 104:18 |
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| − | 11 And he said, "Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree that I commanded you not to eat from?"
| + | ==Sixteen! Goats in Popular Culture== |
| | + | [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQev3UoGp2M&mode=related&search= This video clip] appeared on the August 3, 2007 edition of ''Countdown with Keith Olberman'' |
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| − | 12 The man said, "The woman you put here with me—she gave me some fruit from the tree, and I ate it."
| + | ==Goats in the Sciences== |
| | + | *Goats figure prominently in the so-called [[wp:Monty Hall problem|Monty Hall]] statistical problem. |
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| − | 13 Then the LORD God said to the woman, "What is this you have done?"
| + | == Notable Goats == |
| − | The woman said, "The serpent deceived me, and I ate."
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| − | 14 So the LORD God said to the serpent, "Because you have done this,
| + | *[http://www.usna.edu/PAO/facts/faqbill.htm Bill the Goat] is the mascot of the U.S. Naval Academy. |
| − | "Cursed are you above all the livestock
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| − | and all the wild animals!
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| − | You will crawl on your belly
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| − | and you will eat dust
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| − | all the days of your life.
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| − | 15 And I will put enmity
| + | *[http://www.livejournal.com/site/goat.bml Frank the Goat] is mascot, casual programmer and occasional help desk employee at the popular journal site LiveJournal. Some versions of his history recount his many adventures and his role in founding LJ. |
| − | between you and the woman,
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| − | and between your offspring [m] and hers;
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| − | he will crush [n] your head,
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| − | and you will strike his heel."
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| − | 16 To the woman he said,
| + | *[[Heidrun]] is the female mythical goat from Norse religion that squirted life-giving [[mead|drink]] for all inhabitants of Valhalla. |
| − | "I will greatly increase your pains in childbearing;
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| − | with pain you will give birth to children.
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| − | Your desire will be for your husband,
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| − | and he will rule over you."
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| − | 17 To Adam he said, "Because you listened to your wife and ate from the tree about which I commanded you, 'You must not eat of it,' | + | *Rose, a goat living in South Sudan, attained fame due to her [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_%28goat%29 marriage] to a human, Charles Tombe. This of course was below her station, and occurred due to an unfortunate scandal involving pre-marital sex, which underlines some of the dangers of the practice. Mr. Tombe is now a widower after his lovely bride's untimely death in 2007. |
| − | "Cursed is the ground because of you;
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| − | through painful toil you will eat of it
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| − | all the days of your life.
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| − | 18 It will produce thorns and thistles for you,
| + | == Goats in the bible - The Holy Goats == |
| − | and you will eat the plants of the field.
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| − | 19 By the sweat of your brow
| + | There are many biblical references to goats of which the following is only a selection. |
| − | you will eat your food
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| − | until you return to the ground,
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| − | since from it you were taken;
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| − | for dust you are
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| − | and to dust you will return."
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| − | 20 Adam [o] named his wife Eve, [p] because she would become the mother of all the living.
| + | === The scapegoat === |
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| − | 21 The LORD God made garments of skin for Adam and his wife and clothed them. 22 And the LORD God said, "The man has now become like one of us, knowing good and evil. He must not be allowed to reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat, and live forever." 23 So the LORD God banished him from the Garden of Eden to work the ground from which he had been taken. 24 After he drove the man out, he placed on the east side [q] of the Garden of Eden cherubim and a flaming sword flashing back and forth to guard the way to the tree of life. | + | Leviticus 16 tells us about the scapegoat. Two goats were to be selected and lots would be thrown to see which would be sacrificed as a "sin offering" and which would be released into the desert. Perhaps surprisingly the released goat was the scapegoat and the other one got the joy of being sacrificed. |
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| − | Genesis 4
| + | === Tamar === |
| − | Cain and Abel
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| − | 1 Adam [r] lay with his wife Eve, and she became pregnant and gave birth to Cain. [s] She said, "With the help of the LORD I have brought forth [t] a man." 2 Later she gave birth to his brother Abel.
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| − | Now Abel kept flocks, and Cain worked the soil. 3 In the course of time Cain brought some of the fruits of the soil as an offering to the LORD. 4 But Abel brought fat portions from some of the firstborn of his flock. The LORD looked with favor on Abel and his offering, 5 but on Cain and his offering he did not look with favor. So Cain was very angry, and his face was downcast.
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| − | 6 Then the LORD said to Cain, "Why are you angry? Why is your face downcast? 7 If you do what is right, will you not be accepted? But if you do not do what is right, sin is crouching at your door; it desires to have you, but you must master it."
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| − | 8 Now Cain said to his brother Abel, "Let's go out to the field." [u] And while they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him.
| + | [[Tamar]] was [[Onanism|Onan's]] widow - he who gave his name that [[Masturbation|pastime beloved of teenage boys]] and others. While pretending to be a [[prostitution|prostitute]] to seduce her father-in-law she was promised a young goat for her services. |
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| − | 9 Then the LORD said to Cain, "Where is your brother Abel?"
| + | === The joy of Goats === |
| − | "I don't know," he replied. "Am I my brother's keeper?"
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| − | 10 The LORD said, "What have you done? Listen! Your brother's blood cries out to me from the ground. 11 Now you are under a curse and driven from the ground, which opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand. 12 When you work the ground, it will no longer yield its crops for you. You will be a restless wanderer on the earth."
| + | The writer of the ''Song of Solomon'' seems to have had a definite thing about goats. When talking about his girlfriend's hair he often comes up with: "Your hair is |
| | + | like a flock of goats descending from Gilead.". To be fair to other animals he also says things like: "Your teeth are like a flock of sheep coming up from the |
| | + | washing." So this may be an animal fixation in general and not really goat-centric. |
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| − | 13 Cain said to the LORD, "My punishment is more than I can bear. 14 Today you are driving me from the land, and I will be hidden from your presence; I will be a restless wanderer on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me."
| + | ==References== |
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| − | 15 But the LORD said to him, "Not so [v] ; if anyone kills Cain, he will suffer vengeance seven times over." Then the LORD put a mark on Cain so that no one who found him would kill him. 16 So Cain went out from the LORD's presence and lived in the land of Nod, [w] east of Eden.
| + | <references/> |
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| − | 17 Cain lay with his wife, and she became pregnant and gave birth to Enoch. Cain was then building a city, and he named it after his son Enoch. 18 To Enoch was born Irad, and Irad was the father of Mehujael, and Mehujael was the father of Methushael, and Methushael was the father of Lamech.
| + | [[Category:Domestic Animals]] |
| − | | + | [[category:Food]] |
| − | 19 Lamech married two women, one named Adah and the other Zillah. 20 Adah gave birth to Jabal; he was the father of those who live in tents and raise livestock. 21 His brother's name was Jubal; he was the father of all who play the harp and flute. 22 Zillah also had a son, Tubal-Cain, who forged all kinds of tools out of [x] bronze and iron. Tubal-Cain's sister was Naamah.
| + | [[category:Recipe]] |
| − | | + | [[Category:Religion]] |
| − | 23 Lamech said to his wives,
| + | [[category:Best of amusement]] |
| − | "Adah and Zillah, listen to me;
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| − | wives of Lamech, hear my words.
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| − | I have killed [y] a man for wounding me,
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| − | a young man for injuring me.
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| − | 24 If Cain is avenged seven times,
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| − | then Lamech seventy-seven times."
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| − | 25 Adam lay with his wife again, and she gave birth to a son and named him Seth, [z] saying, "God has granted me another child in place of Abel, since Cain killed him." 26 Seth also had a son, and he named him Enosh.
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| − | At that time men began to call on [aa] the name of the LORD.
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| − | Genesis 5
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| − | From Adam to Noah
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| − | 1 This is the written account of Adam's line.
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| − | When God created man, he made him in the likeness of God. 2 He created them male and female and blessed them. And when they were created, he called them "man. [ab] "
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| − | 3 When Adam had lived 130 years, he had a son in his own likeness, in his own image; and he named him Seth. 4 After Seth was born, Adam lived 800 years and had other sons and daughters. 5 Altogether, Adam lived 930 years, and then he died.
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| − | 6 When Seth had lived 105 years, he became the father [ac] of Enosh. 7 And after he became the father of Enosh, Seth lived 807 years and had other sons and daughters. 8 Altogether, Seth lived 912 years, and then he died.
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| − | 9 When Enosh had lived 90 years, he became the father of Kenan. 10 And after he became the father of Kenan, Enosh lived 815 years and had other sons and daughters. 11 Altogether, Enosh lived 905 years, and then he died.
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| − | 12 When Kenan had lived 70 years, he became the father of Mahalalel. 13 And after he became the father of Mahalalel, Kenan lived 840 years and had other sons and daughters. 14 Altogether, Kenan lived 910 years, and then he died.
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| − | 15 When Mahalalel had lived 65 years, he became the father of Jared. 16 And after he became the father of Jared, Mahalalel lived 830 years and had other sons and daughters. 17 Altogether, Mahalalel lived 895 years, and then he died.
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| − | 18 When Jared had lived 162 years, he became the father of Enoch. 19 And after he became the father of Enoch, Jared lived 800 years and had other sons and daughters. 20 Altogether, Jared lived 962 years, and then he died.
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| − | 21 When Enoch had lived 65 years, he became the father of Methuselah. 22 And after he became the father of Methuselah, Enoch walked with God 300 years and had other sons and daughters. 23 Altogether, Enoch lived 365 years. 24 Enoch walked with God; then he was no more, because God took him away.
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| − | 25 When Methuselah had lived 187 years, he became the father of Lamech. 26 And after he became the father of Lamech, Methuselah lived 782 years and had other sons and daughters. 27 Altogether, Methuselah lived 969 years, and then he died.
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| − | 28 When Lamech had lived 182 years, he had a son. 29 He named him Noah [ad] and said, "He will comfort us in the labor and painful toil of our hands caused by the ground the LORD has cursed." 30 After Noah was born, Lamech lived 595 years and had other sons and daughters. 31 Altogether, Lamech lived 777 years, and then he died.
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| − | 32 After Noah was 500 years old, he became the father of Shem, Ham and Japheth.
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| − | | |
| − | Genesis 6
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| − | The Flood
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| − | 1 When men began to increase in number on the earth and daughters were born to them, 2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of men were beautiful, and they married any of them they chose. 3 Then the LORD said, "My Spirit will not contend with [ae] man forever, for he is mortal [af] ; his days will be a hundred and twenty years."
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| − | 4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days—and also afterward—when the sons of God went to the daughters of men and had children by them. They were the heroes of old, men of renown.
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| − | | |
| − | 5 The LORD saw how great man's wickedness on the earth had become, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the time. 6 The LORD was grieved that he had made man on the earth, and his heart was filled with pain. 7 So the LORD said, "I will wipe mankind, whom I have created, from the face of the earth—men and animals, and creatures that move along the ground, and birds of the air—for I am grieved that I have made them." 8 But Noah found favor in the eyes of the LORD.
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| − | | |
| − | 9 This is the account of Noah.
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| − | Noah was a righteous man, blameless among the people of his time, and he walked with God. 10 Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham and Japheth.
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| − | | |
| − | 11 Now the earth was corrupt in God's sight and was full of violence. 12 God saw how corrupt the earth had become, for all the people on earth had corrupted their ways. 13 So God said to Noah, "I am going to put an end to all people, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. I am surely going to destroy both them and the earth. 14 So make yourself an ark of cypress [ag] wood; make rooms in it and coat it with pitch inside and out. 15 This is how you are to build it: The ark is to be 450 feet long, 75 feet wide and 45 feet high. [ah] 16 Make a roof for it and finish [ai] the ark to within 18 inches [aj] of the top. Put a door in the side of the ark and make lower, middle and upper decks. 17 I am going to bring floodwaters on the earth to destroy all life under the heavens, every creature that has the breath of life in it. Everything on earth will perish. 18 But I will establish my covenant with you, and you will enter the ark—you and your sons and your wife and your sons' wives with you. 19 You are to bring into the ark two of all living creatures, male and female, to keep them alive with you. 20 Two of every kind of bird, of every kind of animal and of every kind of creature that moves along the ground will come to you to be kept alive. 21 You are to take every kind of food that is to be eaten and store it away as food for you and for them."
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| − | 22 Noah did everything just as God commanded him.
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| − | | |
| − | Genesis 7
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| − | 1 The LORD then said to Noah, "Go into the ark, you and your whole family, because I have found you righteous in this generation. 2 Take with you seven [ak] of every kind of clean animal, a male and its mate, and two of every kind of unclean animal, a male and its mate, 3 and also seven of every kind of bird, male and female, to keep their various kinds alive throughout the earth. 4 Seven days from now I will send rain on the earth for forty days and forty nights, and I will wipe from the face of the earth every living creature I have made."
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| − | 5 And Noah did all that the LORD commanded him.
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| − | 6 Noah was six hundred years old when the floodwaters came on the earth. 7 And Noah and his sons and his wife and his sons' wives entered the ark to escape the waters of the flood. 8 Pairs of clean and unclean animals, of birds and of all creatures that move along the ground, 9 male and female, came to Noah and entered the ark, as God had commanded Noah. 10 And after the seven days the floodwaters came on the earth.
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| − | 11 In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, on the seventeenth day of the second month—on that day all the springs of the great deep burst forth, and the floodgates of the heavens were opened. 12 And rain fell on the earth forty days and forty nights.
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| − | 13 On that very day Noah and his sons, Shem, Ham and Japheth, together with his wife and the wives of his three sons, entered the ark. 14 They had with them every wild animal according to its kind, all livestock according to their kinds, every creature that moves along the ground according to its kind and every bird according to its kind, everything with wings. 15 Pairs of all creatures that have the breath of life in them came to Noah and entered the ark. 16 The animals going in were male and female of every living thing, as God had commanded Noah. Then the LORD shut him in.
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| − | 17 For forty days the flood kept coming on the earth, and as the waters increased they lifted the ark high above the earth. 18 The waters rose and increased greatly on the earth, and the ark floated on the surface of the water. 19 They rose greatly on the earth, and all the high mountains under the entire heavens were covered. 20 The waters rose and covered the mountains to a depth of more than twenty feet. [al] , [am] 21 Every living thing that moved on the earth perished—birds, livestock, wild animals, all the creatures that swarm over the earth, and all mankind. 22 Everything on dry land that had the breath of life in its nostrils died. 23 Every living thing on the face of the earth was wiped out; men and animals and the creatures that move along the ground and the birds of the air were wiped from the earth. Only Noah was left, and those with him in the ark.
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| − | | |
| − | 24 The waters flooded the earth for a hundred and fifty days.
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| − | | |
| − | Genesis 8
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| − | 1 But God remembered Noah and all the wild animals and the livestock that were with him in the ark, and he sent a wind over the earth, and the waters receded. 2 Now the springs of the deep and the floodgates of the heavens had been closed, and the rain had stopped falling from the sky. 3 The water receded steadily from the earth. At the end of the hundred and fifty days the water had gone down, 4 and on the seventeenth day of the seventh month the ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat. 5 The waters continued to recede until the tenth month, and on the first day of the tenth month the tops of the mountains became visible.
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| − | | |
| − | 6 After forty days Noah opened the window he had made in the ark 7 and sent out a raven, and it kept flying back and forth until the water had dried up from the earth. 8 Then he sent out a dove to see if the water had receded from the surface of the ground. 9 But the dove could find no place to set its feet because there was water over all the surface of the earth; so it returned to Noah in the ark. He reached out his hand and took the dove and brought it back to himself in the ark. 10 He waited seven more days and again sent out the dove from the ark. 11 When the dove returned to him in the evening, there in its beak was a freshly plucked olive leaf! Then Noah knew that the water had receded from the earth. 12 He waited seven more days and sent the dove out again, but this time it did not return to him.
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| − | 13 By the first day of the first month of Noah's six hundred and first year, the water had dried up from the earth. Noah then removed the covering from the ark and saw that the surface of the ground was dry. 14 By the twenty-seventh day of the second month the earth was completely dry.
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| − | 15 Then God said to Noah, 16 "Come out of the ark, you and your wife and your sons and their wives. 17 Bring out every kind of living creature that is with you—the birds, the animals, and all the creatures that move along the ground—so they can multiply on the earth and be fruitful and increase in number upon it."
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| − | 18 So Noah came out, together with his sons and his wife and his sons' wives. 19 All the animals and all the creatures that move along the ground and all the birds—everything that moves on the earth—came out of the ark, one kind after another.
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| − | 20 Then Noah built an altar to the LORD and, taking some of all the clean animals and clean birds, he sacrificed burnt offerings on it. 21 The LORD smelled the pleasing aroma and said in his heart: "Never again will I curse the ground because of man, even though [an] every inclination of his heart is evil from childhood. And never again will I destroy all living creatures, as I have done.
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| − | 22 "As long as the earth endures,
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| − | seedtime and harvest,
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| − | cold and heat,
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| − | summer and winter,
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| − | day and night
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| − | will never cease."
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| − | | |
| − | Genesis 9
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| − | God's Covenant With Noah
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| − | 1 Then God blessed Noah and his sons, saying to them, "Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the earth. 2 The fear and dread of you will fall upon all the beasts of the earth and all the birds of the air, upon every creature that moves along the ground, and upon all the fish of the sea; they are given into your hands. 3 Everything that lives and moves will be food for you. Just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything.
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| − | 4 "But you must not eat meat that has its lifeblood still in it. 5 And for your lifeblood I will surely demand an accounting. I will demand an accounting from every animal. And from each man, too, I will demand an accounting for the life of his fellow man.
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| − | 6 "Whoever sheds the blood of man,
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| − | by man shall his blood be shed;
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| − | for in the image of God
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| − | has God made man.
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| − | 7 As for you, be fruitful and increase in number; multiply on the earth and increase upon it."
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| − | | |
| − | 8 Then God said to Noah and to his sons with him: 9 "I now establish my covenant with you and with your descendants after you 10 and with every living creature that was with you—the birds, the livestock and all the wild animals, all those that came out of the ark with you—every living creature on earth. 11 I establish my covenant with you: Never again will all life be cut off by the waters of a flood; never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth."
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| − | 12 And God said, "This is the sign of the covenant I am making between me and you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all generations to come: 13 I have set my rainbow in the clouds, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and the earth. 14 Whenever I bring clouds over the earth and the rainbow appears in the clouds, 15 I will remember my covenant between me and you and all living creatures of every kind. Never again will the waters become a flood to destroy all life. 16 Whenever the rainbow appears in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant between God and all living creatures of every kind on the earth."
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| − | 17 So God said to Noah, "This is the sign of the covenant I have established between me and all life on the earth."
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| − | | |
| − | The Sons of Noah
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| − | 18 The sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem, Ham and Japheth. (Ham was the father of Canaan.) 19 These were the three sons of Noah, and from them came the people who were scattered over the earth.
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| − | 20 Noah, a man of the soil, proceeded [ao] to plant a vineyard. 21 When he drank some of its wine, he became drunk and lay uncovered inside his tent. 22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father's nakedness and told his two brothers outside. 23 But Shem and Japheth took a garment and laid it across their shoulders; then they walked in backward and covered their father's nakedness. Their faces were turned the other way so that they would not see their father's nakedness.
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| − | 24 When Noah awoke from his wine and found out what his youngest son had done to him, 25 he said,
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| − | "Cursed be Canaan!
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| − | The lowest of slaves
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| − | will he be to his brothers."
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| − | 26 He also said,
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| − | "Blessed be the LORD, the God of Shem!
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| − | May Canaan be the slave of Shem. [ap]
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| − | 27 May God extend the territory of Japheth [aq] ;
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| − | may Japheth live in the tents of Shem,
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| − | and may Canaan be his [ar] slave."
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| − | 28 After the flood Noah lived 350 years. 29 Altogether, Noah lived 950 years, and then he died.
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| − | | |
| − | Genesis 10
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| − | The Table of Nations
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| − | 1 This is the account of Shem, Ham and Japheth, Noah's sons, who themselves had sons after the flood.
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| − | The Japhethites
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| − | 2 The sons [as] of Japheth:
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| − | Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech and Tiras.
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| − | 3 The sons of Gomer:
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| − | Ashkenaz, Riphath and Togarmah.
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| − | | |
| − | 4 The sons of Javan:
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| − | Elishah, Tarshish, the Kittim and the Rodanim. [at] 5 (From these the maritime peoples spread out into their territories by their clans within their nations, each with its own language.)
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| − | | |
| − | The Hamites
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| − | 6 The sons of Ham:
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| − | Cush, Mizraim, [au] Put and Canaan.
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| − | 7 The sons of Cush:
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| − | Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah and Sabteca.
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| − | The sons of Raamah:
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| − | Sheba and Dedan.
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| − | 8 Cush was the father [av] of Nimrod, who grew to be a mighty warrior on the earth. 9 He was a mighty hunter before the LORD; that is why it is said, "Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the LORD." 10 The first centers of his kingdom were Babylon, Erech, Akkad and Calneh, in [aw] Shinar. [ax] 11 From that land he went to Assyria, where he built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, [ay] Calah 12 and Resen, which is between Nineveh and Calah; that is the great city.
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| − | 13 Mizraim was the father of
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| − | the Ludites, Anamites, Lehabites, Naphtuhites, 14 Pathrusites, Casluhites (from whom the Philistines came) and Caphtorites.
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| − | | |
| − | 15 Canaan was the father of
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| − | Sidon his firstborn, [az] and of the Hittites, 16 Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites, 17 Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, 18 Arvadites, Zemarites and Hamathites.
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| − | Later the Canaanite clans scattered 19 and the borders of Canaan reached from Sidon toward Gerar as far as Gaza, and then toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim, as far as Lasha.
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| − | | |
| − | 20 These are the sons of Ham by their clans and languages, in their territories and nations.
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| − | | |
| − | The Semites
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| − | 21 Sons were also born to Shem, whose older brother was [ba] Japheth; Shem was the ancestor of all the sons of Eber.
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| − | 22 The sons of Shem:
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| − | Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud and Aram.
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| − | 23 The sons of Aram:
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| − | Uz, Hul, Gether and Meshech. [bb]
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| − | 24 Arphaxad was the father of [bc] Shelah,
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| − | and Shelah the father of Eber.
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| − | 25 Two sons were born to Eber:
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| − | One was named Peleg, [bd] because in his time the earth was divided; his brother was named Joktan.
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| − | 26 Joktan was the father of
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| − | Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah, 27 Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, 28 Obal, Abimael, Sheba, 29 Ophir, Havilah and Jobab. All these were sons of Joktan.
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| − | 30 The region where they lived stretched from Mesha toward Sephar, in the eastern hill country.
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| − | 31 These are the sons of Shem by their clans and languages, in their territories and nations.
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| − | 32 These are the clans of Noah's sons, according to their lines of descent, within their nations. From these the nations spread out over the earth after the flood.
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| − | | |
| − | Genesis 11
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| − | The Tower of Babel
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| − | 1 Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. 2 As men moved eastward, [be] they found a plain in Shinar [bf] and settled there.
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| − | 3 They said to each other, "Come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly." They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. 4 Then they said, "Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of the whole earth."
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| − | | |
| − | 5 But the LORD came down to see the city and the tower that the men were building. 6 The LORD said, "If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. 7 Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other."
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| − | | |
| − | 8 So the LORD scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why it was called Babel [bg] —because there the LORD confused the language of the whole world. From there the LORD scattered them over the face of the whole earth.
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| − | | |
| − | From Shem to Abram
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| − | 10 This is the account of Shem.
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| − | Two years after the flood, when Shem was 100 years old, he became the father [bh] of Arphaxad. 11 And after he became the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters.
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| − | 12 When Arphaxad had lived 35 years, he became the father of Shelah. 13 And after he became the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. [bi]
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| − | | |
| − | 14 When Shelah had lived 30 years, he became the father of Eber. 15 And after he became the father of Eber, Shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.
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| − | | |
| − | 16 When Eber had lived 34 years, he became the father of Peleg. 17 And after he became the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters.
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| − | | |
| − | 18 When Peleg had lived 30 years, he became the father of Reu. 19 And after he became the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters.
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| − | | |
| − | 20 When Reu had lived 32 years, he became the father of Serug. 21 And after he became the father of Serug, Reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters.
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| − | | |
| − | 22 When Serug had lived 30 years, he became the father of Nahor. 23 And after he became the father of Nahor, Serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters.
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| − | | |
| − | 24 When Nahor had lived 29 years, he became the father of Terah. 25 And after he became the father of Terah, Nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters.
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| − | | |
| − | 26 After Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of Abram, Nahor and Haran.
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| − | | |
| − | 27 This is the account of Terah.
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| − | Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot. 28 While his father Terah was still alive, Haran died in Ur of the Chaldeans, in the land of his birth. 29 Abram and Nahor both married. The name of Abram's wife was Sarai, and the name of Nahor's wife was Milcah; she was the daughter of Haran, the father of both Milcah and Iscah. 30 Now Sarai was barren; she had no children.
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| − | | |
| − | 31 Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot son of Haran, and his daughter-in-law Sarai, the wife of his son Abram, and together they set out from Ur of the Chaldeans to go to Canaan. But when they came to Haran, they settled there.
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| − | | |
| − | 32 Terah lived 205 years, and he died in Haran.
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| − | | |
| − | Genesis 12
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| − | The Call of Abram
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| − | 1 The LORD had said to Abram, "Leave your country, your people and your father's household and go to the land I will show you.
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| − | 2 "I will make you into a great nation
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| − | and I will bless you;
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| − | I will make your name great,
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| − | and you will be a blessing.
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| − | | |
| − | 3 I will bless those who bless you,
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| − | and whoever curses you I will curse;
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| − | and all peoples on earth
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| − | will be blessed through you."
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| − | | |
| − | 4 So Abram left, as the LORD had told him; and Lot went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old when he set out from Haran. 5 He took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, all the possessions they had accumulated and the people they had acquired in Haran, and they set out for the land of Canaan, and they arrived there.
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| − | | |
| − | 6 Abram traveled through the land as far as the site of the great tree of Moreh at Shechem. At that time the Canaanites were in the land. 7 The LORD appeared to Abram and said, "To your offspring [bj] I will give this land." So he built an altar there to the LORD, who had appeared to him.
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| − | | |
| − | 8 From there he went on toward the hills east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east. There he built an altar to the LORD and called on the name of the LORD. 9 Then Abram set out and continued toward the Negev.
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| − | | |
| − | Abram in Egypt
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| − | 10 Now there was a famine in the land, and Abram went down to Egypt to live there for a while because the famine was severe. 11 As he was about to enter Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, "I know what a beautiful woman you are. 12 When the Egyptians see you, they will say, 'This is his wife.' Then they will kill me but will let you live. 13 Say you are my sister, so that I will be treated well for your sake and my life will be spared because of you."
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| − | 14 When Abram came to Egypt, the Egyptians saw that she was a very beautiful woman. 15 And when Pharaoh's officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh, and she was taken into his palace. 16 He treated Abram well for her sake, and Abram acquired sheep and cattle, male and female donkeys, menservants and maidservants, and camels.
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| − | | |
| − | 17 But the LORD inflicted serious diseases on Pharaoh and his household because of Abram's wife Sarai. 18 So Pharaoh summoned Abram. "What have you done to me?" he said. "Why didn't you tell me she was your wife? 19 Why did you say, 'She is my sister,' so that I took her to be my wife? Now then, here is your wife. Take her and go!" 20 Then Pharaoh gave orders about Abram to his men, and they sent him on his way, with his wife and everything he had.
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| − | | |
| − | Genesis 13
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| − | Abram and Lot Separate
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| − | 1 So Abram went up from Egypt to the Negev, with his wife and everything he had, and Lot went with him. 2 Abram had become very wealthy in livestock and in silver and gold.
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| − | 3 From the Negev he went from place to place until he came to Bethel, to the place between Bethel and Ai where his tent had been earlier 4 and where he had first built an altar. There Abram called on the name of the LORD.
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| − | | |
| − | 5 Now Lot, who was moving about with Abram, also had flocks and herds and tents. 6 But the land could not support them while they stayed together, for their possessions were so great that they were not able to stay together. 7 And quarreling arose between Abram's herdsmen and the herdsmen of Lot. The Canaanites and Perizzites were also living in the land at that time.
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| − | | |
| − | 8 So Abram said to Lot, "Let's not have any quarreling between you and me, or between your herdsmen and mine, for we are brothers. 9 Is not the whole land before you? Let's part company. If you go to the left, I'll go to the right; if you go to the right, I'll go to the left."
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| − | | |
| − | 10 Lot looked up and saw that the whole plain of the Jordan was well watered, like the garden of the LORD, like the land of Egypt, toward Zoar. (This was before the LORD destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah.) 11 So Lot chose for himself the whole plain of the Jordan and set out toward the east. The two men parted company: 12 Abram lived in the land of Canaan, while Lot lived among the cities of the plain and pitched his tents near Sodom. 13 Now the men of Sodom were wicked and were sinning greatly against the LORD.
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| − | | |
| − | 14 The LORD said to Abram after Lot had parted from him, "Lift up your eyes from where you are and look north and south, east and west. 15 All the land that you see I will give to you and your offspring [bk] forever. 16 I will make your offspring like the dust of the earth, so that if anyone could count the dust, then your offspring could be counted. 17 Go, walk through the length and breadth of the land, for I am giving it to you."
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| − | | |
| − | 18 So Abram moved his tents and went to live near the great trees of Mamre at Hebron, where he built an altar to the LORD.
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| − | | |
| − | Genesis 14
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| − | Abram Rescues Lot
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| − | 1 At this time Amraphel king of Shinar, [bl] Arioch king of Ellasar, Kedorlaomer king of Elam and Tidal king of Goiim 2 went to war against Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar). 3 All these latter kings joined forces in the Valley of Siddim (the Salt Sea [bm] ). 4 For twelve years they had been subject to Kedorlaomer, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
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| − | 5 In the fourteenth year, Kedorlaomer and the kings allied with him went out and defeated the Rephaites in Ashteroth Karnaim, the Zuzites in Ham, the Emites in Shaveh Kiriathaim 6 and the Horites in the hill country of Seir, as far as El Paran near the desert. 7 Then they turned back and went to En Mishpat (that is, Kadesh), and they conquered the whole territory of the Amalekites, as well as the Amorites who were living in Hazazon Tamar.
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| − | 8 Then the king of Sodom, the king of Gomorrah, the king of Admah, the king of Zeboiim and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar) marched out and drew up their battle lines in the Valley of Siddim 9 against Kedorlaomer king of Elam, Tidal king of Goiim, Amraphel king of Shinar and Arioch king of Ellasar—four kings against five. 10 Now the Valley of Siddim was full of tar pits, and when the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, some of the men fell into them and the rest fled to the hills. 11 The four kings seized all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah and all their food; then they went away. 12 They also carried off Abram's nephew Lot and his possessions, since he was living in Sodom.
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| − | 13 One who had escaped came and reported this to Abram the Hebrew. Now Abram was living near the great trees of Mamre the Amorite, a brother [bn] of Eshcol and Aner, all of whom were allied with Abram. 14 When Abram heard that his relative had been taken captive, he called out the 318 trained men born in his household and went in pursuit as far as Dan. 15 During the night Abram divided his men to attack them and he routed them, pursuing them as far as Hobah, north of Damascus. 16 He recovered all the goods and brought back his relative Lot and his possessions, together with the women and the other people.
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| − | 17 After Abram returned from defeating Kedorlaomer and the kings allied with him, the king of Sodom came out to meet him in the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the King's Valley).
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| − | 18 Then Melchizedek king of Salem [bo] brought out bread and wine. He was priest of God Most High, 19 and he blessed Abram, saying,
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| − | "Blessed be Abram by God Most High,
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| − | Creator [bp] of heaven and earth.
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| − | 20 And blessed be [bq] God Most High,
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| − | who delivered your enemies into your hand."
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| − | Then Abram gave him a tenth of everything.
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| − | 21 The king of Sodom said to Abram, "Give me the people and keep the goods for yourself."
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| − | 22 But Abram said to the king of Sodom, "I have raised my hand to the LORD, God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth, and have taken an oath 23 that I will accept nothing belonging to you, not even a thread or the thong of a sandal, so that you will never be able to say, 'I made Abram rich.' 24 I will accept nothing but what my men have eaten and the share that belongs to the men who went with me—to Aner, Eshcol and Mamre. Let them have their share."
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| − | Genesis 15
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| − | God's Covenant With Abram
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| − | 1 After this, the word of the LORD came to Abram in a vision:
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| − | "Do not be afraid, Abram.
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| − | I am your shield, [br]
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| − | your very great reward. [bs] "
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| − | 2 But Abram said, "O Sovereign LORD, what can you give me since I remain childless and the one who will inherit [bt] my estate is Eliezer of Damascus?" 3 And Abram said, "You have given me no children; so a servant in my household will be my heir."
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| − | 4 Then the word of the LORD came to him: "This man will not be your heir, but a son coming from your own body will be your heir." 5 He took him outside and said, "Look up at the heavens and count the stars—if indeed you can count them." Then he said to him, "So shall your offspring be."
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| − | 6 Abram believed the LORD, and he credited it to him as righteousness.
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| − | 7 He also said to him, "I am the LORD, who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to take possession of it."
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| − | 8 But Abram said, "O Sovereign LORD, how can I know that I will gain possession of it?"
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| − | 9 So the LORD said to him, "Bring me a heifer, a goat and a ram, each three years old, along with a dove and a young pigeon."
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| − | 10 Abram brought all these to him, cut them in two and arranged the halves opposite each other; the birds, however, he did not cut in half. 11 Then birds of prey came down on the carcasses, but Abram drove them away.
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| − | 12 As the sun was setting, Abram fell into a deep sleep, and a thick and dreadful darkness came over him. 13 Then the LORD said to him, "Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own, and they will be enslaved and mistreated four hundred years. 14 But I will punish the nation they serve as slaves, and afterward they will come out with great possessions. 15 You, however, will go to your fathers in peace and be buried at a good old age. 16 In the fourth generation your descendants will come back here, for the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its full measure."
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| − | 17 When the sun had set and darkness had fallen, a smoking firepot with a blazing torch appeared and passed between the pieces. 18 On that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram and said, "To your descendants I give this land, from the river [bu] of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates- 19 the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, 20 Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites, 21 Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites and Jebusites."
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| − | Genesis 16
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| − | Hagar and Ishmael
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| − | 1 Now Sarai, Abram's wife, had borne him no children. But she had an Egyptian maidservant named Hagar; 2 so she said to Abram, "The LORD has kept me from having children. Go, sleep with my maidservant; perhaps I can build a family through her."
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| − | Abram agreed to what Sarai said. 3 So after Abram had been living in Canaan ten years, Sarai his wife took her Egyptian maidservant Hagar and gave her to her husband to be his wife. 4 He slept with Hagar, and she conceived.
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| − | When she knew she was pregnant, she began to despise her mistress. 5 Then Sarai said to Abram, "You are responsible for the wrong I am suffering. I put my servant in your arms, and now that she knows she is pregnant, she despises me. May the LORD judge between you and me."
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| − | 6 "Your servant is in your hands," Abram said. "Do with her whatever you think best." Then Sarai mistreated Hagar; so she fled from her.
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| − | 7 The angel of the LORD found Hagar near a spring in the desert; it was the spring that is beside the road to Shur. 8 And he said, "Hagar, servant of Sarai, where have you come from, and where are you going?"
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| − | "I'm running away from my mistress Sarai," she answered.
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| − | 9 Then the angel of the LORD told her, "Go back to your mistress and submit to her." 10 The angel added, "I will so increase your descendants that they will be too numerous to count."
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| − | 11 The angel of the LORD also said to her:
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| − | "You are now with child
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| − | and you will have a son.
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| − | You shall name him Ishmael, [bv]
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| − | for the LORD has heard of your misery.
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| − | 12 He will be a wild donkey of a man;
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| − | his hand will be against everyone
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| − | and everyone's hand against him,
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| − | and he will live in hostility
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| − | toward [bw] all his brothers."
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| − | 13 She gave this name to the LORD who spoke to her: "You are the God who sees me," for she said, "I have now seen [bx] the One who sees me." 14 That is why the well was called Beer Lahai Roi [by] ; it is still there, between Kadesh and Bered.
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| − | 15 So Hagar bore Abram a son, and Abram gave the name Ishmael to the son she had borne. 16 Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore him Ishmael.
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| − | Genesis 17
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| − | The Covenant of Circumcision
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| − | 1 When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the LORD appeared to him and said, "I am God Almighty [bz] ; walk before me and be blameless. 2 I will confirm my covenant between me and you and will greatly increase your numbers."
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| − | 3 Abram fell facedown, and God said to him, 4 "As for me, this is my covenant with you: You will be the father of many nations. 5 No longer will you be called Abram [ca] ; your name will be Abraham, [cb] for I have made you a father of many nations. 6 I will make you very fruitful; I will make nations of you, and kings will come from you. 7 I will establish my covenant as an everlasting covenant between me and you and your descendants after you for the generations to come, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you. 8 The whole land of Canaan, where you are now an alien, I will give as an everlasting possession to you and your descendants after you; and I will be their God."
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| − | 9 Then God said to Abraham, "As for you, you must keep my covenant, you and your descendants after you for the generations to come. 10 This is my covenant with you and your descendants after you, the covenant you are to keep: Every male among you shall be circumcised. 11 You are to undergo circumcision, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and you. 12 For the generations to come every male among you who is eight days old must be circumcised, including those born in your household or bought with money from a foreigner—those who are not your offspring. 13 Whether born in your household or bought with your money, they must be circumcised. My covenant in your flesh is to be an everlasting covenant. 14 Any uncircumcised male, who has not been circumcised in the flesh, will be cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant."
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| − | 15 God also said to Abraham, "As for Sarai your wife, you are no longer to call her Sarai; her name will be Sarah. 16 I will bless her and will surely give you a son by her. I will bless her so that she will be the mother of nations; kings of peoples will come from her."
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| − | 17 Abraham fell facedown; he laughed and said to himself, "Will a son be born to a man a hundred years old? Will Sarah bear a child at the age of ninety?" 18 And Abraham said to God, "If only Ishmael might live under your blessing!"
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| − | 19 Then God said, "Yes, but your wife Sarah will bear you a son, and you will call him Isaac. [cc] I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his descendants after him. 20 And as for Ishmael, I have heard you: I will surely bless him; I will make him fruitful and will greatly increase his numbers. He will be the father of twelve rulers, and I will make him into a great nation. 21 But my covenant I will establish with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you by this time next year." 22 When he had finished speaking with Abraham, God went up from him.
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| − | 23 On that very day Abraham took his son Ishmael and all those born in his household or bought with his money, every male in his household, and circumcised them, as God told him. 24 Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised, 25 and his son Ishmael was thirteen; 26 Abraham and his son Ishmael were both circumcised on that same day. 27 And every male in Abraham's household, including those born in his household or bought from a foreigner, was circumcised with him.
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| − | Genesis 18
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| − | The Three Visitors
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| − | 1 The LORD appeared to Abraham near the great trees of Mamre while he was sitting at the entrance to his tent in the heat of the day. 2 Abraham looked up and saw three men standing nearby. When he saw them, he hurried from the entrance of his tent to meet them and bowed low to the ground.
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| − | 3 He said, "If I have found favor in your eyes, my lord, [cd] do not pass your servant by. 4 Let a little water be brought, and then you may all wash your feet and rest under this tree. 5 Let me get you something to eat, so you can be refreshed and then go on your way—now that you have come to your servant."
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| − | "Very well," they answered, "do as you say."
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| − | 6 So Abraham hurried into the tent to Sarah. "Quick," he said, "get three seahs [ce] of fine flour and knead it and bake some bread."
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| − | 7 Then he ran to the herd and selected a choice, tender calf and gave it to a servant, who hurried to prepare it. 8 He then brought some curds and milk and the calf that had been prepared, and set these before them. While they ate, he stood near them under a tree.
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| − | 9 "Where is your wife Sarah?" they asked him.
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| − | "There, in the tent," he said.
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| − | 10 Then the LORD [cf] said, "I will surely return to you about this time next year, and Sarah your wife will have a son."
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| − | Now Sarah was listening at the entrance to the tent, which was behind him. 11 Abraham and Sarah were already old and well advanced in years, and Sarah was past the age of childbearing. 12 So Sarah laughed to herself as she thought, "After I am worn out and my master [cg] is old, will I now have this pleasure?"
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| − | 13 Then the LORD said to Abraham, "Why did Sarah laugh and say, 'Will I really have a child, now that I am old?' 14 Is anything too hard for the LORD ? I will return to you at the appointed time next year and Sarah will have a son."
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| − | 15 Sarah was afraid, so she lied and said, "I did not laugh."
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| − | But he said, "Yes, you did laugh."
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| − | Abraham Pleads for Sodom
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| − | 16 When the men got up to leave, they looked down toward Sodom, and Abraham walked along with them to see them on their way. 17 Then the LORD said, "Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do? 18 Abraham will surely become a great and powerful nation, and all nations on earth will be blessed through him. 19 For I have chosen him, so that he will direct his children and his household after him to keep the way of the LORD by doing what is right and just, so that the LORD will bring about for Abraham what he has promised him."
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| − | 20 Then the LORD said, "The outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great and their sin so grievous 21 that I will go down and see if what they have done is as bad as the outcry that has reached me. If not, I will know."
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| − | 22 The men turned away and went toward Sodom, but Abraham remained standing before the LORD. [ch] 23 Then Abraham approached him and said: "Will you sweep away the righteous with the wicked? 24 What if there are fifty righteous people in the city? Will you really sweep it away and not spare [ci] the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people in it? 25 Far be it from you to do such a thing—to kill the righteous with the wicked, treating the righteous and the wicked alike. Far be it from you! Will not the Judge [cj] of all the earth do right?"
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| − | 26 The LORD said, "If I find fifty righteous people in the city of Sodom, I will spare the whole place for their sake."
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| − | 27 Then Abraham spoke up again: "Now that I have been so bold as to speak to the Lord, though I am nothing but dust and ashes, 28 what if the number of the righteous is five less than fifty? Will you destroy the whole city because of five people?"
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| − | "If I find forty-five there," he said, "I will not destroy it."
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| − | 29 Once again he spoke to him, "What if only forty are found there?"
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| − | He said, "For the sake of forty, I will not do it."
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| − | 30 Then he said, "May the Lord not be angry, but let me speak. What if only thirty can be found there?"
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| − | He answered, "I will not do it if I find thirty there."
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| − | 31 Abraham said, "Now that I have been so bold as to speak to the Lord, what if only twenty can be found there?"
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| − | He said, "For the sake of twenty, I will not destroy it."
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| − | 32 Then he said, "May the Lord not be angry, but let me speak just once more. What if only ten can be found there?"
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| − | He answered, "For the sake of ten, I will not destroy it."
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| − | 33 When the LORD had finished speaking with Abraham, he left, and Abraham returned home.
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| − | Genesis 19
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| − | Sodom and Gomorrah Destroyed
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| − | 1 The two angels arrived at Sodom in the evening, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. When he saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face to the ground. 2 "My lords," he said, "please turn aside to your servant's house. You can wash your feet and spend the night and then go on your way early in the morning."
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| − | "No," they answered, "we will spend the night in the square."
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| − | 3 But he insisted so strongly that they did go with him and entered his house. He prepared a meal for them, baking bread without yeast, and they ate. 4 Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodom—both young and old—surrounded the house. 5 They called to Lot, "Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them."
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| − | 6 Lot went outside to meet them and shut the door behind him 7 and said, "No, my friends. Don't do this wicked thing. 8 Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them. But don't do anything to these men, for they have come under the protection of my roof."
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| − | 9 "Get out of our way," they replied. And they said, "This fellow came here as an alien, and now he wants to play the judge! We'll treat you worse than them." They kept bringing pressure on Lot and moved forward to break down the door.
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| − | 10 But the men inside reached out and pulled Lot back into the house and shut the door. 11 Then they struck the men who were at the door of the house, young and old, with blindness so that they could not find the door.
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| − | 12 The two men said to Lot, "Do you have anyone else here—sons-in-law, sons or daughters, or anyone else in the city who belongs to you? Get them out of here, 13 because we are going to destroy this place. The outcry to the LORD against its people is so great that he has sent us to destroy it."
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| − | 14 So Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, who were pledged to marry [ck] his daughters. He said, "Hurry and get out of this place, because the LORD is about to destroy the city!" But his sons-in-law thought he was joking.
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| − | 15 With the coming of dawn, the angels urged Lot, saying, "Hurry! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will be swept away when the city is punished."
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| − | 16 When he hesitated, the men grasped his hand and the hands of his wife and of his two daughters and led them safely out of the city, for the LORD was merciful to them. 17 As soon as they had brought them out, one of them said, "Flee for your lives! Don't look back, and don't stop anywhere in the plain! Flee to the mountains or you will be swept away!"
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| − | 18 But Lot said to them, "No, my lords, [cl] please! 19 Your [cm] servant has found favor in your [cn] eyes, and you [co] have shown great kindness to me in sparing my life. But I can't flee to the mountains; this disaster will overtake me, and I'll die. 20 Look, here is a town near enough to run to, and it is small. Let me flee to it—it is very small, isn't it? Then my life will be spared."
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| − | 21 He said to him, "Very well, I will grant this request too; I will not overthrow the town you speak of. 22 But flee there quickly, because I cannot do anything until you reach it." (That is why the town was called Zoar. [cp] )
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| − | 23 By the time Lot reached Zoar, the sun had risen over the land. 24 Then the LORD rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah—from the LORD out of the heavens. 25 Thus he overthrew those cities and the entire plain, including all those living in the cities—and also the vegetation in the land. 26 But Lot's wife looked back, and she became a pillar of salt.
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| − | 27 Early the next morning Abraham got up and returned to the place where he had stood before the LORD. 28 He looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah, toward all the land of the plain, and he saw dense smoke rising from the land, like smoke from a furnace.
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| − | 29 So when God destroyed the cities of the plain, he remembered Abraham, and he brought Lot out of the catastrophe that overthrew the cities where Lot had lived.
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| − | Lot and His Daughters
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| − | 30 Lot and his two daughters left Zoar and settled in the mountains, for he was afraid to stay in Zoar. He and his two daughters lived in a cave. 31 One day the older daughter said to the younger, "Our father is old, and there is no man around here to lie with us, as is the custom all over the earth. 32 Let's get our father to drink wine and then lie with him and preserve our family line through our father."
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| − | 33 That night they got their father to drink wine, and the older daughter went in and lay with him. He was not aware of it when she lay down or when she got up.
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| − | 34 The next day the older daughter said to the younger, "Last night I lay with my father. Let's get him to drink wine again tonight, and you go in and lie with him so we can preserve our family line through our father." 35 So they got their father to drink wine that night also, and the younger daughter went and lay with him. Again he was not aware of it when she lay down or when she got up.
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| − | 36 So both of Lot's daughters became pregnant by their father. 37 The older daughter had a son, and she named him Moab [cq] ; he is the father of the Moabites of today. 38 The younger daughter also had a son, and she named him Ben-Ammi [cr] ; he is the father of the Ammonites of today.
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| − | Genesis 20
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| − | Abraham and Abimelech
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| − | 1 Now Abraham moved on from there into the region of the Negev and lived between Kadesh and Shur. For a while he stayed in Gerar, 2 and there Abraham said of his wife Sarah, "She is my sister." Then Abimelech king of Gerar sent for Sarah and took her.
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| − | 3 But God came to Abimelech in a dream one night and said to him, "You are as good as dead because of the woman you have taken; she is a married woman."
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| − | 4 Now Abimelech had not gone near her, so he said, "Lord, will you destroy an innocent nation?
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